What is NEF file?
NEF stands for Nikon Electronic Format, also known as Nikon's RAW file format, NEF files are created from Nikon cameras, with the file extension .nef (.NEF).
NEF files are used to store information of captured images including, camera sensor information, metadata such as EXIF (lenses, focal lengths, shutter speeds, apertures, ISOs).
The data stored in the NEF file is uncompressed or lossless compressed data.
With JPEG or TIFF formats, the storage space for the color channel is 8 bits and as a final result. NEF files with 12 bit or 14 bit color channel storage space (depending on camera model).
NEF files store information like white balance, HUE, tone and sharpen, all of this information is stored under instruction format and can adjust these instruction, which in turn can produce a change in the color result of the image.
How to open a NEF file on Windows?
Many apps supports open and edit NEF file on Windows (including free or paid apps). You can try to download Raw Image Extension from Microsoft Store, it is not app, after install you can view NEF file or other extension same as JPEG or PNG on Windows, not only NEF, it supports many type of extension such as CR2, PEF, ARW, etc.
If you want to convert multiple NEF files to JPEG or PNG for other purpose such as sharing or emailing, you can download NEF to - Image Converter from Microsoft Store. This app convert NEF file to JPG locally on your computer, it do not upload your file to server so your files will be safe.